Jef raskin user interface1/15/2024 ![]() 59 62 66 68 71 71 72 73 76 77 78 80 83 87 90 93 93 96 99 101 103 105 109 115 117 124 CONTENTS 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 5-4-1 Search-Pattern Delimiters 5-4-2 Units of Interaction Cursor Design and a Strategy for Making Selections Cursor Position and LEAP Applications Abolished Commands and Transformers ix 127 129 133 136 139 143 Navigation and Other Aspects of Humane Inteifaces 6-1 Intuitive and Natural Interfaces 6-2 Better Navigation: ZoomWorld 6-3 Icons 6-4 Techniques and Help Facilities in Humane Interfaces 6-4-1 Cut and Paste 6-4-2 Messages to the User 6-4-3 Simplified Sign-Ons 6-4-4 Time Delays and Keyboard Tricks 6-5 Letter from a User 149 150 152 168 174 177 178 183 184 187 Inteiface Issues Outside the User Inteiface 7-1 More Humane Programming Language Environments 7-1-1 System and Development Environment 7-1-2 Importance of Documentation in Program Creation 7-2 Modes and Cables 7-3 Ethics and Management of Interface Design 191 192 192 SIX SEVEN Conclusion APPENDIX A: The One-Button Mouse History APPENDIX B: SwyftCard Interface Theory ojOperation EIGHT REFERENCES INDEX 194 195 198 205 207 211 215 221 INDEX About Face, 27 Absorption, 26 airplane crash and, 25 Accelerator pedal interchanged with brake, 20 Accents, 186 Access permission and invisible documents, 156 Accidents, 26-27 Actions applying to objects, 59 Action-object, 59 Activated content, 104 Activations, 106 Adaption adaptive menus, 57, 70 adaptive palettes, 57 Adjectives, 38-39 Mfordances and visibility, 62-65 Aircraft and buttons that change in the night, 51-52 Aircraft crashes absorption related to, 25, 26-27 preventing, by eliminating a mode, 43-45 America Online electtonic mail package, 41 AND in search patterns, 174 Anderson,J. ![]() Mexico City CONTENTS PREFACE Xl ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION: Xlll The Importance ojFundamentals XVll Background Interface Definition Keep the Simple Simple Human-Centered Design and User-Centered Desrgn Tools That Do Not Facilitate Design Innovation Interface Design in the Design Cycle Definition of a Humane Interface 2 2 3 4 5 6 Cognetics and the Locus ofAttention 2-1 Ergonomics and Cognetics: What We Carl: and Cannot Do 2-2 Cognitive Conscious and Cognitive Unconscious 2-3 Locus of Attention 2-3-1 Formation of Habits 2-3-2 Execution of Simultaneous Tasks 2-3-3 Singularity of the Locus of Attention 2-3-4 Origins of the Locus of Attention 2-3-5 Exploitation of the Single Locus of Attention 2-3-6 Resumption of Interrupted Work 9 9 11 17 18 20 24 27 29 31 ONE 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 TWO vii 1 viii CONTENTS Meanings, Modes, Monotony, and Myths 3-1 Nomenclature and Notations 3-2 Modes 3-2-1 Definition of Modes 3-2-2 Modes, User-Preference Settings, and Temporary Modes 3-2-3 Modes and Quasimodes 3-3 Noun-Verb versus Verb-Noun Constructions 3-4 Visibility and Mfordances 3-5 Monotony 3-6 Myth of the Beginner-Expert Dichotomy THREE FOUR 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 Quantification Quantitative Analyses ofInterfaces GOMS Keystroke-Level Model 4-2-1 Interface Timings 4-2-2 GOMS Calculations 4-2-3 GOMS Calculation Examples 4-2-3-1 Hal's Interface: Solution 1, Dialog Box 4-2-3-2 Hal's Interface: Solution 2, GUI Measurement of Interface ffficiency 4-3-1 Efficiency of Hal's Interfaces 4-3-2 Other Solutions for Hal's Interface Fitts' Law and Hick's Law 4-4-1 Fitts'Law 4-4-2 Hick's Law Unification 5-1 Uniformity and Elementary Actions 5-2 Elementary Actions Cataloged 5-2-1 Highlighting, Indication, and Selection 5-2-2 Commands 5-2-3 Display States of Objects 5-3 File Names and Structures 5-4 String Searches and Find Mechanisms FIVE 33 33 37 42 47 55.THE HUMANE INTERFACE New Directions for Designing Interactive Systems JEF RASKIN.
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